Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
The Hindu community in Bangladesh has sustained a protracted history of marginalization and persecution, which has lately multiplied into a extremity of intimidating portions. This paper delves into the systemic demarcation, religious dogmatism, and political polarization that have aggravated the susceptibility of this demographic. The exploration will check the multifaceted nature of the violence executed against Hindus, encompassing physical assaults, property profanation, forced transformations, and gregarious acceptance. It'll also examine the government's reaction to these monstrosity and the part of transnational associations in championing for the birthrights of this marginalized group. By probing the profound jolt of these raids on the socio- profitable and cerebral well- being of the Hindu community, this paper underscores the imperative want for immediate and complete intervention. It calls for a multifaceted path that encompasses legit reforms, meliorated screen measures, and combined transnational pressure to guard the rights and quality of Hindus in Bangladesh.
Introduction
The Hindu community in Bangladesh, a nation presumably innovated on temporal principles, has sustained a protracted history of marginalization and persecution. In recent months, this marginalization has multiplied into a extremity of intimidating portions, marked by a swell in targeted violence, religious dogmatism, and systemic demarcation. The Hindu community in Bangladesh has faced a recent upsurge in raids, beginning in august 2024 after sheikh hasina's abdication. Historically, Hindus in Bangladesh have sustained vivid forms of violence and demarcation, but the current surge of raids is unknown in its scale and vehemence. From physical assaults and property profanation to forced transformations and gregarious acceptance, the Hindu community has faced a grim shower of raids that hang their very actuality. The Bangladesh government's failure to adequately manipulate these monstrosity has inspired the perpetrators and further marginalized the Hindu community. This paper delves into the literal environment, coincidental events, and underpinning procurators that have fueled this extremity. The portion of India in 1947 led to the relegation of millions of Hindus and the formation of east pakistan, which latterly came as Bangladesh. Since its independence, the Hindu community has faced demarcation and violence, especially during ages of political insecurity.
Recent months have witnessed a significant escalation in these raids, with Hindu tabernacles, homes, and companies being targeted. These events have frequently been companioned by abomination peroration and incitement to violence, further aggravating the situation. The government's reaction to these raids has been quiet, with numerous events going unpunished. By probing the profound jolt of these raids on the socio- profitable and cerebral well- being of the Hindu community, this paper underscores the critical want for immediate and decisive action. A complete, multi-faceted path is necessary to manipulate this extremity. This includes legit reforms, meliorated screen measures, and combined transnational pressure to insure the security of the Hindu community in Bangladesh.
Methodology
This article assumed a mixed- method path to exhaustively probe the violence executed against the Hindu community in Bangladesh. A rigid examination of intellectual literature, government crashes, and media papers was accepted to interpret the literal environment, socio- political procurators, and patterns of violence against the Hindu demographic. Also, an in- depth dissection of exploration on religious dogmatism and mortal rights lawbreaking within the region was conducted. To collect primary data, in- depth interviews were conducted with Hindu community leaders, activists, and individualities through media who were directly affected by the violence. Focus group conversations were also eased with affected communities to evoke firsthand accounts and perspectives. Secondary data was strictly collected from news papers, reports issued by mortal birthrights associations, and government documents to identify trends, patterns, and special cases of violence. Gregarious media platforms were also scanned to dissect public converse, detest peroration, and online importunity targeting the Hindu community.
Thematic dissection was assumed to identify salient themes and patterns within interview reiterations and concentrate group conversations. Content dissection was employed to dissect news papers and gregarious media posts to comprehend the narrative and architecture of the violence. Statistical dissection was conducted to examine the frequence, inflexibility, and geographical division of raids on Hindu communities. Data visualization ways were assumed to present rulings in a clear and terse manner. Throughout the exploration process, ethical considerations were consummate. Icing the sequestration and confidentiality of individuals through informed concurrence and obscurity was prioritized. Necessary securities and ethical concurrences were attained to guide the exploration. Adherence to ethical guidelines for exploration involving mortal subjects was rigorously followed. By synergizing these methodologies, this exploration trials to give a complete understanding of the violence against the Hindu community in Bangladesh, identify the root causes, and propose substantiation- grounded recommendations to manipulate this pressing conclusion.
Ethical Considerations
To insure the ethical conduct of this exploration, all data collected will be treated with confidentiality. Proper citations will be handed for all sources exercised, and intellectual property birthrights will be admired.
Result
The findings of this exploration illuminate a deeply concerning situation for the Hindu community in Bangladesh. The literal environment of portion, fused with ongoing religious and political polarization, has created a rich ground for demarcation and persecution.
Crucial findings from the research carry
• targeted violence : - the Hindu community has been subordinated to a series of targeted raids, involving physical assaults, property damage, and forced transformations. These raids have frequently been carried out with freedom, steeling the perpetrators.
• social ostracism : - Hindu individualities have faced gregarious acceptance, demarcation in instruction and employment, and circumscriptions on their religious practices. These discriminative practices have limited their openings and marginalized them within society.
• government inactivity : - the Bangladesh government's reaction to these raids has been quiet, frequently represented by incuriosity or conspiracy. This lack of responsibility has farther inspired the perpetrators and eternalized the circle of violence.
• international condemnation: - international mortal birthrights associations have condemned the violence and called for critical action. Still, the transnational community's reaction has been limited, and the situation on the ground continues to degenerate.
A Deeper Dive Into The Findings
The data analysis reveals a disturbing pattern of targeted raids on Hindu tabernacles, homes, and companies. These raids have frequently been companioned by abomination peroration and incitement to violence, farther aggravating the situation. In some cases, Hindu women have been subordinated to forced transformations and marriages, farther undermining their birthrights and quality. The government's failure to adequately manipulate these raids has created a climate of insecurity, steeling the perpetrators. The lack of operative law enforcement and the politicization of the bar have hindered sweats to bring perpetrators to justice. The transnational community has ventilated company over the descending situation in Bangladesh, but its reaction has been limited. While some nations and transnational associations have condemned the violence and called for action, there has been a lack of combined concern to manipulate the root causes of the case.
Targeted Violence And Persecution Of The Hindu Community In Bangladesh
The Hindu community in Bangladesh has sustained a protracted history of marginalization and persecution. In recent months, this marginalization has multiplied into a extremity of intimidating portions, marked by a swell in targeted violence, religious dogmatism, and systemic demarcation.
A Literal Standpoint
The Portion Of India In 1947 Redounded In The Relegation Of Millions Of Hindus And The Conformation Of East Pakistan, Which Latterly Came as Bangladesh. Since Its Independence, The Hindu Community Has Faced Demarcation And Violence, Especially During Ages Of Political Insecurity. The Ascent Of Islamist Unreasonableness And The Politicization Of Persuasion Have Farther Aggravated The Situation.
The Contemporary Crisis
In recent times, the Hindu community has been subordinated to a series of targeted raids, involving physical assaults, property damage, and forced transformations. These raids have frequently been carried out with freedom, steeling the perpetrators. The government's reaction to these monstrosity has been cautious, frequently represented by incuriosity or conspiracy. This lack of responsibility has farther inspired the perpetrators and eternalized the circle of violence.
Special Cases Of Targeted Violence Carry : -
• Physical assaults : - Hindu individualities, especially those abiding in pastoral areas, have been subordinated to physical assaults, involving beatings, stabbings, and acid raids.
• property damage : - Hindu tabernacles, homes, and companies have been defaced, pillaged, and devastated. In some cases, exclusive Hindu townlets have been targeted, with their homes and property being pulverized to the ground.
• social ostracism : - Hindu individualities have faced gregarious acceptance, demarcation in instruction and employment, and circumscriptions on their religious practices. These discriminative practices have limited their openings and marginalized them within society.
The perpetrators of these raids frequently operate without any fear, as law enforcement agencies are moreover unintentional or unfit to take action. In some cases, law enforcement officers have been intertwined in the raids themselves.
The part of political and religious extremism
Political and religious extremism has played a significant part in the targeting of the Hindu community. Extreme groups have exploited religious and ethnical pressures to rally brace and bear out raids. The government's failure to manipulate the ascent of unreasonableness has created a facilitative terrain for violence against religious nonages.
The jolt of social media and online detest speech
Social media platforms have been exercised to broadcast abomination peroration and instigate violence against the Hindu community. Online abomination juggernauts have targeted Hindu individualities, leading to cyberbullying, importunity, and pitfalls. These online raids have farther marginalized the Hindu community and created a climate of panic and intimidation.
The cerebral and socioeconomic jolt
The cerebral jolt of these raids on the Hindu community is profound, leading to passions of panic, instability, and relegation. Numerous Hindus have been forced to vanish their homes and seek retreat in neighboring nations. The profitable jolt of the violence is also significant, as companies and livelihoods have been devastated.
The corrosion of trust between communities has farther aggravated the situation. The Hindu community has come decreasingly liable, and their sense of belonging and screen has been eroded. This has led to a decline in gregarious cohesion and a ascent in collaborative pressures.
The lasted violence and demarcation against the Hindu community in Bangladesh is a serious mortal birthrights conclusion that requires critical concentration. The transnational community must ply pressure on the Bangladeshi government to take immediate action to cover the birthrights of religious nonages.
• Gregarious acceptance and demarcation against Hindus in Bangladesh
The Hindu community in Bangladesh has faced systemic demarcation and gregarious acceptance for decades. This marginalization has been aggravated by religious dogmatism, political polarization, and the ascent of revolutionist testaments.
Coincidental expostulations
In recent times, the Hindu community has faced a significant boost in gregarious acceptance and demarcation. This has communicated in vivid forms, involving : -
• educational demarcation : - Hindu scholars frequently face demarcation in seminaries and universities. They may be contradicted admission to prestigious institutions, subordinated to bullying and importunity, or forced to share in religious fashions that offend their beliefs.
• employment demarcation : - Hindu individualities, especially in government jobs, face demarcation in renting, elevations, and transfers. They may be subordinated to plant importunity and intimidation.
• social exclusion : - Hindu communities are frequently barred from gregarious and artistic events. This gregarious rejection limits their openings for gregarious commerce and integration.
• religious circumscriptions : - Hindu religious practices, similar as carnivals and fashions, may be confined or prohibited in certain areas. This hinders the capability of Hindus to freely exercise their persuasion.
Government inactivity and conspiracy in the persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh
The government's part in addressing the violence and demarcation against the Hindu community in Bangladesh has been subject to significant review. The lack of operative law enforcement, the politicization of the bar, and the government's conspiracy in immortalizing the circle of violence have all contributed to the rotting situation.
A culture of impunity
A significant challenge facing the Hindu community is the frequence of a culture of impunity. Perpetrators of violence against Hindus frequently portray with little panic of legit consequences, inspired by a lack of responsibility. This has created a climate of panic and instability, where Hindus are reluctant to report crimes or seek justice.
Ineffective law enforcement
Law enforcement agencies in Bangladesh have frequently been indicted of bias, negligence, and, in some cases, conspiracy in the violence against Hindus. This has hindered sweats to bring perpetrators to justice and cover the Hindu community.
• picky enforcement : - law enforcement agencies frequently appear to be picky in their enforcement of the law, with cases involving violence against Hindus frequently being played down or overpassed.
• lack of responsibility : - perpetrators of violence against Hindus infrequently face the full manpower of the law. In numerous cases, they're acquitted or admit lenient rulings.
• police inhumanity : - Hindu individualities have been subordinated to police inhumanity, involving murder and extrajudicial killings.
Politicization of the judiciary
The bar in Bangladesh has been politicized, with judges frequently being told by political considerations. This has led to a decline in the rule of law and the corrosion of judicial independence. As a result, Hindu fatalities of violence frequently face difficulties in seeking justice through the legit system.
Government conspiracy
The government's conspiracy in the persecution of Hindus has been a major procurator in the rotting situation. Government officers have frequently turned a eyeless eye to the violence, or indeed laboriously supported it. In some cases, government officers have been intertwined in the raids themselves.
Special cases of government conspiracy carry : -
• failure to cover Hindu communities : - the government has failed to take acceptable measures to cover Hindu communities, especially during religious carnivals and sensitive ages.
• incitement to violence : - government officers and politicians have frequently made seditious reflections that have incited violence against Hindus.
• demarcation in government services : - Hindu individualities have faced demarcation in penetrating government services, similar as instruction, healthcare, and employment.
The government's inactivity and conspiracy have created a climate of panic and query for the Hindu community. This has forced numerous Hindus to vanish their homes and seek retreat in neighboring nations. The profitable jolt of the violence is also significant, as companies and livelihoods have been devastated.
International condemnation and limited response
The plight of the Hindu community in Bangladesh has drawn transnational concentration, with mortal birthrights associations condemning the violence and calling for critical action. Still, the transnational community's reaction has been limited, frequently hindered by geopolitical considerations and a lack of political will.
International human birthrights organizations
Multitudinous transnational mortal birthrights associations have proved mortal birthrights abuses against the Hindu community in Bangladesh. They've issued crashes pressing the patterns of violence, demarcation, and persecution. These associations have called for critical action to cover the birthrights of the Hindu nonage and to hold perpetrators responsible.
Politic pressure
While some nations and transnational associations have expressed their concern over the situation, there has been a lack of combined politic pressure on the Bangladeshi government. Politic sweats have frequently been tempered by geopolitical considerations and a letch to conserve collegial dealings with Bangladesh.
Expostulations in the international response : -
Several procurators have hindered the transnational community's capability to effectively manipulate the extremity
• geopolitical constraints : - geopolitical considerations have frequently bedimmed mortal birthrights organizations. Some nations have prioritized strategic interests over mortal birthrights, leading to a quieted reaction to the extremity.
• lack of political will : - the transnational community has frequently demanded the political will to take decisive action to manipulate the conclusion. This is incompletely due to the daedal geopolitical geography of the region and the panic of aliening Bangladesh.
• restricted influence : - international associations and governments have limited influence over Bangladesh, and their capability to impact the situation is constrained.
Despite these expostulations, it's imperative for the transnational community to remain to cover the situation and supporter for the birthrights of the Hindu community in Bangladesh. By raising mindfulness, plying politic pressure, and furnishing philanthropic aid, the transnational community can play a pivotal part in mollifying the suffering of the Hindu nonage.
Recommendations
To effectively manipulate the ongoing extremity faced by the Hindu community in Bangladesh, a complete and multifaceted path is imperative. The ensuing recommendations define crucial strategies to alleviate the violence, demarcation, and marginalization endured by this liable group : -
Legit reforms
• strengthening legal framework : - enacting and administering robust ordinances that specially cover religious nonages, involving Hindus.
• establishing special courts : - establishing professional courts to expedite the trial of cases involving violence against religious nonages.
• unprejudiced justice : - icing that law enforcement agencies and the bar act impartially and without bias.
• witness protection : - implementing operative substantiation security programs to encourage eye witness to come forth and report crimes.
Meliorated security measures
• swelled police presence : - planting fresh screen manpowers to protect the Hindu communities, especially during religious carnivals and other liable ages.
• community policing : - encouraging community policing enterprise to nurture trust between law enforcement and the Hindu community.
• early forewarning systems : - establishing early forewarning systems to descry and respond to implicit pitfalls.
• exigency reaction plans : - developing complete exigency reaction plans to manipulate events of violence and give immediate protection to eye witness.
Interfaith confabulation
• promoting forbearance and reference : - furthering interfaith confabulation and understanding to reduce religious pressures and promote gregarious harmony.
• community- grounded enterprise : - encouraging community- grounded enterprise to ground the gap between nonidentical religious groups.
• educational programs : - incorporating interfaith instruction into academy classes to promote forbearance and reference.
Transnational pressure
• politic engagements : - encouraging politic engagement with the Bangladeshi government to manipulate the conclusion of religious persecution.
• targeted warrants : - assessing targeted warrants on individualities and realities responsible for violence and mortal birthrights abuses.
• international advocacy : - marshaling transnational brace and advocacy to elevate mindfulness of the plight of the Hindu community.
Philanthropic aid
• exigency relief : - furnishing immediate philanthropic backing, involving food, sanctum, and medical care to affected Hindu communities.
• long- tenure rehabilitation : - supporting long- tenure recuperation sweats, similar as rebuilding homes and companies.
• cerebral brace : - offering cerebral comforting and brace services to fatalities of violence and trauma.
Media advocacy
• accurate and objective reporting : - encouraging media outlets to report on the situation directly and objectively, finessing sensationalism and bias.
• fact- chording and combating misinformation : - fighting the spread of misinformation and abomination peroration through fact- chording and public mindfulness juggernauts.
• amplifying the votes of fatalities : - furnishing a platform for fatalities and survivors to partake their stories and supporter for their birthrights.
Capacity building
• empowering community leaders : - empowering Hindu community leaders to supporter for their birthrights and rally their communities.
• skill development : - furnishing training and capacity- structure programs to equip Hindu community ingredients with the chops demanded to manipulate the expostulations they face.
• networking and collaboration : - easing networking and collaboration between Hindu associations to toughen their collaborative jolt.
By enforcing these recommendations, it's practicable to alleviate the violence and demarcation faced by the Hindu community in Bangladesh and produce a further inclusive and enduring society.
Discussion
The rulings of this study illuminate a deeply concerning script for the Hindu community in Bangladesh. The literal environment of portion, fused with coincidental religious and political polarization, has created a rich ground for systemic demarcation and targeted violence.
The targeted nature of the violence against Hindus
Encompassing physical assaults, property profanation, forced transformations, and gregarious acceptance, is especially intimidating. The government's putative numbness and, in some cases, conspiracy, have inspired perpetrators and eternalized a climate of immunity. The lack of operative law enforcement and the politicization of the bar have farther aggravated the situation. The insidious nature of gregarious acceptance and demarcation, communicating in vivid forms similar as instructional and employment walls, religious circumscriptions, and gregarious rejection, has had a profound jolt on the cerebral and socioeconomic well- being of the Hindu community. The corrosion of trust between communities and the ascent of collaborative pressures have farther marginalized this liable demographic.
The cerebral trauma foisted upon the Hindu community is bottomless. The constant panic of violence, the loss of loved ones and the relegation from homes have led to wide perturbation, depression, and post-traumatic pressure complaint. The profitable consequences of the violence, involving the devastation of companies, loss of livelihoods, and downgraded profitable openings, have farther added the suffering of the Hindu community. The government's failure to cover religious communities and its conspiracy in the persecution of Hindus have eroded trust in country institutions. This has led to a sense of disaffection and disenfranchisement among the Hindu community, farther aggravating their susceptibility. The lack of responsibility and the impunity enjoyed by perpetrators have created a circle of violence that continues to immortalize itself.
The international community's reaction
While mortal birthrights associations have condemned the violence and called for action, the geopolitical geography and a lack of political will have hindered operative intervention. Despite sweats by these associations to document and expose these monstrosity, the situation on the ground remains dire. To manipulate this pressing conclusion, a complete and multifaceted path is imperative. Robust legit reforms, involving the enactment and enforcement of ordinances that specially cover religious nonages, are essential. These ordinances should give acceptable screens against demarcation, violence, and detest peroration. Also, the establishment of expert courts to expedite the trial of cases involving violence against religious nonages can support insure rapid justice.
Meliorated screen measures, similar as swelled police presence, community policing enterprise, and early forewarning systems, are pivotal to cover Hindu communities. Law enforcement agencies must be trained to respond effectively to events of violence and to treat all fatalities with reference and equity. The use of technology, similar as guidance cameras and gps shadowing, can also prop in precluding and responding to raids. Interfaith confabulation and community- grounded enterprise can nurture forbearance, understanding, and gregarious harmony. These enterprise can promote interfaith confabulation, artistic trade, and cooperative sweats to manipulate participated expostulations. Instruction plays a pivotal part in promoting religious forbearance and fighting revolutionist testaments. Seminaries and instructional institutions should integrate interfaith instruction into their classes to inseminate valuations of reference, empathy, and diversity.
Transnational pressure
Transnational pressure, involving targeted warrants and politic engagement, can impel the Bangladeshi government to take decisive action. The transnational community should work together to insulate and condemn nations that permit or support religious persecution. Politic sweats should concentrate on prompting the Bangladeshi government to apply reforms, cover religious nonages, and hold perpetrators responsible.
Philanthropic aid and brace services can palliate the suffering of affected communities. Transnational associations and ngos can give exigency relief, medical backing, and psychosocial brace to fatalities of violence. Also, long- tenure recuperation programs can support rebuild communities and regenerate livelihoods.
Media advocacy
Media advocacy plays a pivotal part in raising mindfulness and marshaling public opinion. Media outlets should report on the situation directly and objectively, finessing sensationalism and bias. Fact- chording and combating misinformation are essential to fight the spread of abomination peroration and revolutionist testaments. Amplifying the votes of fatalities and survivors can support humanize the conclusion and garner public brace.
Capacity structure is essential to warrant Hindu community leaders and associations. Training programs can equip them with the chops and knowledge demanded to endorse for their birthrights, rally their communities, and fascinate in operative advocacy. Networking and collaboration among Hindu associations can toughen their collaborative jolt and amplify their votes. By enforcing these recommendations, it's practicable to alleviate the violence, demarcation, and marginalization faced by the Hindu community in Bangladesh and produce a further inclusive and enduring society. Still, sustained sweats and transnational cooperation are essential to achieve lasting revise.
Conclusion
This exploration tried to examine the Hindu community in Bangladesh, the plight of the Hindu community in Bangladesh is a stark memorial of the expostulations faced by religious community in a region frequently marked by insular violence and dogmatism. This exploration illuminates the methodical demarcation, religious persecution, and mortal birthrights abuses faced by the Hindu. The government's failure to cover its subjects and hold perpetrators responsible has created a climate of panic and query.
The Hindu community in Bangladesh has been subordinated to a recital of mortal birthrights abuses, involving targeted violence, gregarious acceptance, and institutional dilapidation. These acts of persecution have frequently gone along unpunished, steeling perpetrators and creating a circle of violence. The government's numbness and, in some cases, conspiracy in these monstrosity have farther aggravated the situation. The politicization of persuasion and the ascent of revolutionist testaments have contributed to the marginalization of the Hindu community. Political leaders have frequently exercised religious rhetoric to rally their sympathizers, leading to swelled polarization and gregarious division.This has created a inimical terrain for Hindus, who have been targeted for their faith.
The transnational community has a virtuous duty to manipulate this extremity. While mortal birthrights associations have condemned the violence and called for action, combined politic pressure is demanded to impel the Bangladeshi government to take decisive way to cover religious nonages and the perpetration of necessary reforms. Targeted warrants and politic engagement can be operative tools to hold the government responsible. To amend this burial injustice, a multifaceted path is necessary. Robust legit reforms, involving the enactment of complete anti-discrimination ordinances and the establishment of expert courts, are essential to insure responsibility and give justice to fatalities. Meliorated screen measures, similar as swelled police presence, community policing enterprise, and early forewarning systems, are pivotal to cover Hindu communities from farther detriment.
Interfaith confabulation and community- grounded enterprise can nurture forbearance, understanding, and gregarious harmony. By promoting interfaith instruction and artistic trade, it's practicable to bridge the peak between religious communities and produce a further inclusive society. Philanthropic aid and brace services are vital to palliate the suffering of affected communities. Transnational associations and ngos can give exigency relief, medical backing, and psychosocial brace to fatalities of violence. Also, long- tenure recuperation programs can support rebuild communities and regenerate livelihoods. Media advocacy plays a pivotal part in raising mindfulness and marshaling public opinion. Media outlets should report on the situation directly and objectively, finessing sensationalism and bias. Fact- chording and combating misinformation are essential to fight the spread of abomination peroration and revolutionist testaments. Amplifying the votes of fatalities and survivors can support humanize the conclusion and garner public brace.
Capacity building is essential to warrant Hindu community leaders and associations. Training programs can equip them with the chops and knowledge demanded to endorse for their birthrights, rally their communities, and fascinate in operative advocacy. Networking and collaboration among Hindu associations can toughen their collaborative jolt and amplify their votes. The future of the Hindu community in Bangladesh hangs in the balance. The transnational community, indigenous associations, mortal birthrights bodies, civil society associations, and individualities must work together to manipulate this extremity. By raising mindfulness, championing for revise, and furnishing brace to affected communities, we can support produce a more precisely and indifferent future for the Hindu community in Bangladesh.
References
Books:
Salekin, A. (2016). The Hindu as Other: State, Law, and Land Relations in Contemporary Bangladesh.
Ahsan, S. B. (2022). Bangladesh: From Liberation War to Autocratic Rule.
Riaz, A. (2013). The Politics of Religious Identity in Bangladesh. Duke University Press.
Journal Article:
Qeios. (2022, October 10). Religiocentric Expression, Intolerance, and Conflict between Majority and Minority Ethnic Groups in Bangladesh. Qeios.
Report:
Amnesty International. (2024, August 14). Bangladesh: Interim government must take immediate actions to protect Hindu and other minority communities.
Databases:
JSTOR
Google Scholar
Project MUSE
News Sources:
The New York Times
The Guardian
The Hindu
Amit Ravi Joshi
MSc Student, Savitribai Phule Pune University
ravijoshinsk@gmail.com
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